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Geological Magazine; July 2001; v. 138; no. 4; p. 397-405
© 2001 Cambridge University Press (CUP)
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Article

Himalayan Forelands: palaeontological evidence for Oligocene detrital deposits in the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan)

JEAN-LOUP WELCOMME*,{ddagger}, MOULOUD BENAMMI*, JEAN-YVES CROCHET*, LAURENT MARIVAUX*, GRÉGOIRE MÉTAIS*, PIERRE-OLIVIER ANTOINE§ and IBRAHIM BALOCH||

* Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR 5554 CNRS, Université Montpellier II, CC 064, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
§ Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8, rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris Cedex 5, France
|| Geology Department, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

{ddagger} Author for correspondence: welcomme{at}isem.univ-montp2.fr

In the southwestern Sulaiman geological province (Balochistan, Pakistan), terrestrial detrital facies from the Bugti Hills region have yielded the richest Tertiary vertebrate faunas to be found in Asia thus far. New fossils from five successive and distinct ‘bone beds’ bridge the supposed Oligocene sedimentary hiatus within the Sulaiman geological province; the lowermost continental levels of the previously described Miocene Chitarwata Formation, known as the Bugti Member, are Oligocene in age in the Bugti area. Neither a mixture of heterochronic faunal elements nor endemism of any fauna is evident in this area. Additional microfaunal material from the Bugti Member constrains an Oligocene age for the lower Chitarwata Formation in Zinda Pir (northeast of the Bugti Hills). This Oligocene transition between the marine Kirthar (Eocene) and continental Siwalik (Miocene) deposits consists of a regressive fluvio-deltaic system occupying a vast floodplain. It represents an early-stage molasse in the palaeo-Indus Basin which drained western orogenic highlands resulting from the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates.




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